Al-Ḥudaybiyya and the Conquest of Mecca: a Reconsideration of the Tradition about the Muslim Takeover of the Sanctuary

Tür:

Kitap Bölümü

Yazar:

G.R. Hawting

Yayın yılı:

2022

Yayıncı:

Routledge

Dil:

en

According to Muslim tradition, 2 shortly after the hijra, following a divine revelation, the Prophet ordered his followers to face the sanctuary at Mecca in prayer, and henceforth Islam regarded the Meccan sanctuary as its own, the centre of the Muslim cult. For some time, however, the Muslims were unable to visit the sanctuary and perform the rituals of the cult there since it was still in the hands of their enemies, the Quraysh of Mecca. In 6/628, nevertheless, the Prophet ordered his followers in Medina to set out for Mecca. The aim was to perform a minor pilgrimage (c umra) at its sanctuary. This expedition never reached its intended destination, for, at al-Ḥudaybiyya, close to Mecca, Quraysh prevented the Muslims from progressing any further. However, at that time the Prophet reached an agreement with Quraysh, according to which the Muslims would be allowed to come to Mecca to make an c umra in the next year. Consequently, in 7/629, the Prophet and his followers came to Mecca and completed an c umra: this is known as c umrat al-qadā’ or c umrat al-qaḍiyya. In the following year, 8/630, the Prophet again came to Mecca with his followers, this time to carry out the conquest of the town, using as casus belli the violation by Quraysh of one of the terms of the treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyya. This event, the conquest of Mecca, is generally known in tradition as al-fatḥ, and it involved, of course, not only the conquest of the town but also the establishment of Muslim control over…

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