Zaydism in the Balance between Sunnī and Shī‘a

Tür:

Kitap Bölümü

Yazar:

Najam Haider

Yayıncı:

Cambridge University Press

Zaydism is often depicted as the variant of Shī‘ism most similar to Sunnī Islam. Popular and academic works emphasize the apparent overlap between Zaydī and Sunnī (Shāfi‘ī) legal methodology. There is also a general assumption that the Zaydīs accept the legitimacy of the caliphal reigns of Abū Bakr and ‘Umar in contrast to the more intransigent and hostile attitude of the Ismā‘īlīs and the Twelvers. In fact, the Zaydīs are often identified as Shī‘ī exclusively on the basis of their belief in ‘Alī's right to the succession after the Prophet's death. Such characterizations obfuscate one of the central dynamics in Zaydī history – namely, the Zaydī community's oscillation between Sunnī and Shī‘ī positions in matters of theology and law. A proper understanding of Zaydī Shī‘ism in its “classical” form (referred to below as “Hādawī”) requires the examination of two important transformations: (i) an initial shift from a predominantly (proto-)Sunnī to a Shī‘ī orientation in the ninth century and (ii) a subsequent “Sunnification” fueled by political and religious pressures beginning as early as the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

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